This dataset provides long-term daily and high-resolution time series of pan evaporation (free-water surface evaporation) measured across four consecutive summer seasons (2022–2025) at the meteorological site of the Polish Polar Station Hornsund (SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard; WMO: 01003).
We conducted in-situ measurements using an automated weighing pan evaporimeter (EWP-1010, A.Ster) that logged water-weight changes at 10-minute intervals. The pan was installed in late June or early July after the disappearance of freezing air temperatures and dismantled in September or early October upon the onset of autumn freezing conditions. We aggregated daily pan evaporation totals from raw records using a rigorous quality-control workflow (filtering out wind gusts, mechanical maintenance disturbances, rainfall influxes, and surface icing).
The data provide a unique empirical Arctic benchmark for validating and calibrating empirical and energy-balance potential evapotranspiration (PET) equations (e.g., Penman, Penman–Monteith, Priestley–Taylor, and Turc) and for constraining catchment water-balance and permafrost models under rapid High Arctic climate change.
Funding notice: The pan evaporation monitoring across 2022–2025 was conducted within the research project Applied remote sensing and geophysical imaging in recognition of the changes of the water balance in High Arctic catchments, funded by the National Science Centre (NCN), Poland under grant agreement no. UMO-2020/38/E/ST10/00139 (SONATA BIS 10).